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| c. 1050 |
| | Polyphony brings new complexity of interweaving vocal lines, in the choral singing of abbey or cathedral | |
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| c. 1170 |
| | The first known mystery play, the Mystery of Adam, takes place outside a church somewhere in France | |
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| 1176 |
| | The first known eisteddfod is held during Christmas festivities at Rhys ap Gruffydd's court in Cardigan castle | |
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| c. 1250 |
| | Tannhäuser is one of the Minnesinger, the German equivalents of the French troubadours | |
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| c. 1320 |
| | Philippe de Vitry, in his Ars Nova ('New Art'), lays out the basis of musical notation | |
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| 1374 |
| | Kanami and Zeami Motokiyo please the shogun with their theatrical performance, and his patronage begins the tradition of Japan's No theatre | |
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| c. 1397 |
| | The keyboard of the organ is adapted in Germany to strings, thus providing the harpsichord - first mentioned in a manuscript of this year | |
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| c. 1400 |
| | Guilds of singers and song-writers develop in German towns, calling themselves Meistersinger, or master singers | |
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| c. 1400 |
| | The English mystery cycles are performed by trade guilds, on carts pulled from audience to audience around the city | |
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| 1471 |
| | The new pope, Sixtus IV, secures his name in history, establishing the Sistine chapel and the Sistine choir | |
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